Benjamin Banneker was a prominent African American mathematician, astronomer, compiler of almanacs, and surveyor who lived from 1731 to 1806. Born free in Maryland, Banneker is best known for his work in surveying and helping to design the layout for the capital city of Washington, D.C. Despite facing racial discrimination and limited educational opportunities, Banneker largely taught himself mathematics and astronomy, and he became known for his accurate predictions of solar and lunar eclipses.

In addition to his scientific pursuits, Benjamin Banneker was also a vocal advocate for the abolition of slavery and for the rights of African Americans. He corresponded with Thomas Jefferson, challenging Jefferson's views on race and slavery and arguing for the equality of all people. Banneker's accomplishments as a self-taught mathematician and astronomer, as well as his activism in the fight against slavery, have cemented his place as an important figure in Black history.